Canale anale (vedi Ano)

(vedi Ano) Ultimo tratto dell’intestino, che inizia alla giunzione anorettale a livello del muscolo pubo-rettale e termina all’orifizio anale esterno (o margine anale). La sua lunghezza è variabile, solitamente minore nelle femmine rispetto ai maschi.

1. Wendell-Smith CP. Anorectal Nomenclature. Fundamental Terminology. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43(10): 1349-58;
2. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology. Terminologia anatomica – international anatomical terminology. Stuttgrart, New York: Thieme 1998;
3. Diamant NE, Kamm MA, Wald A, Whitehead WE. For American Gastroenterologist Association – AGA Technical review on anorectal testing techniques Gastroenterology 1999; 116:735-760;
4. Lowry AC, Simmang CL, Boulos P, Farmer KC, Finan PJ, Hyman N, Killingback M,Lubowski DZ, Moore R, Penfold C, Savoca P, Stitz R, Tjandra JJ. Statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer: report of the Tripartite Consensus Conference on Definitions for Anorectal Physiology and Rectal Cancer, Washington, D.C., May 1, 1999. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44(7):915-9;
5. Lowry AC, Simmang CL, Boulos P, Farmer KC, Finan PJ, Hyman N, Killingback M,Lubowski DZ, Moore R, Penfold C, Savoca P, Stitz R, Tjandra JJ.American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. Consensus statement of definitions for anorectal physiology and rectal cancer. ANZJ Surg 2001;71:603-5;
6. Violi V, Boselli AS, Sarli L, Costi R, Roncoroni L. Rectal cancer in anorectal malformation with rectovestibular fistula: sphincterrestoring surgery by anterior resection and dynamic vaginoanograciloplasty. Dis Colon Rectum 2001;44:1043-8;
7. Bennett AE. Correlative anatomy of the anus and rectum. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2008;29(6):400-8.
   * La dizione in bibliografia “Tripartite Conference ..” si riferisce al lavoro congiunto di tre Sociertà clinico – scientifiche: American Society of Colon and rectal Surgeons, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Colorectal Surgical Society of Australia. Cfr.. www.fascrs.org/dcr/dcr0701.html.